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Simsmith download java4/26/2023 Sponges are key components of the benthic assemblages and play an important functional role in many ecosystems, especially in coral reefs. This work aims to increase the basic knowledge of Indonesian sponge diversity as a prerequisite for monitoring and conservation of this valuable taxon. Moreover, two new symbiotic sponge associations are described. For most species, besides field data and detailed descriptions, pictures in vivo are included. Several others are very poorly known species, sometimes recorded for the second time after their description. Six species are new for science and seven represent new records for the area. In this paper, we report the presence of 94 species recorded during different research campaigns mainly from the Marine Park of Bunaken, North Sulawesi. In spite of this great biodiversity, most of the information on Indonesian sponges is scattered in old and fragmented literature and comprehensive data about their diversity are still lacking. However, the knowledge of the diversity of sponges and several other marine taxa is far from being complete in the area. The Indonesian coral reefs, located within the so-called "coral triangle", are among the richest in the world.
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